Martigny, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Raoul Dufy, Séries et séries noires, January-June 1997, p. 192, no. 19 (illustrated p. 43)Dufy had painted in his native Le Havre for the first ten years of his career, depicting its cool northern light in the muted pastel tones of the Impressionist idiom. His turning point, as for so many of his contemporaries, was the revolution of color and light in Matisse's Luxe, Calme and Volupté (Musée d'Orsay, Paris), at the Salon des Indépendents in 1905, the result of the artist's discoveries in the South of France the previous summer. Dufy was immediately struck by Matisse's bold and expressive use of color. He admitted 'I looked at this miracle of creative imagination at work in color and line. I immediately grasped the mechanics of art.' (M. Giry, Fauvism: Origins and Development, New York, 1982, p. 135). Dufy began to re-examine his approach to representation, and increasingly started to use pure and unmodulated pigments until he was painting in a completely Fauve manner by 1906. Interestingly he did not immediately follow his fellow Fauves Matisse and Derain to the South but remained in Le Havre and its environs, painting with Albert Marquet in the new palette. It was not until he actually painted in the Midi, in the luminous Mediterranean light, that his work completed its transformation. He asserted 'la lumière est l'âme de la couleur... sans la lumière la couleur est sans vie [light is the soul of color... without light, color is without life] ' (quoted in Martigny, loc. cit.)