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| Image | Sale date | Auction house | Location | Sale name | Lot No. | Estimate | Price Sold | Condition | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec 7, 2010 | Christie's | London | Old Masters & 19th Century Paintings, Drawings & Watercolours (Evening Sale) | 53 | $****** - ****** | Ordination |
paintings
95.9 x 121.6 cm (37.76 x 47.87 in)
oil on canvas
Commissioned by Cavaliere Cassiano dal Pozzo (d. 1657), for the 'Stanza de' Sagramenti' of the Palazzo dal Pozzo, via dei Chiavari, Rome, and by inheritance to his brother,. Carlo Antonio dal Pozzo (d. 1689), Rome, and by descent to his grandson,. Cosimo Antonio dal Pozzo (d. c. 1739), Rome, by whom pledged to. Marchese del Bufalo, Rome, as payment for debt (by whom offered to King Louis XV of France in 1729 when Bufalo ran into financial difficulties)
returned to. Cosimo Antonio dal Pozzo, Rome, when debt paid, in either February 1730 or February 1732, and by inheritance to his daughter,. Maria Laura dal Pozzo Boccapaduli, Rome, and by inheritance to the. Boccapaduli family, Rome, who attempted to sell the series to Sir Robert Walpole (d. 1745), but the export license was denied by the Pope
sold in 1785 on behalf of the Boccapaduli family by James Byres, Rome, to. Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (1754-1787), and by descent at Belvoir Castle, Grantham, and The National Gallery, London.
Rome, San Salvatore in Lauro, December 1715 (lent by Cosimo Antonio dal Pozzo). London, Royal Academy of Arts, Council Room, 1787. Edinburgh, National Gallery of Scotland, Poussin: Sacraments and Bacchanals. Paintings and drawings on sacred and profane themes by Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, 16 October-31 December 1981, no. 31 (catalogue note by H. Brigstocke). Paris, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, 27 September 1994-2 January 1995, no. 67 (catalogue note by P. Rosenberg). London, Royal Academy of Arts, Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, 19 January-9 April 1995, no. 39 (catalogue note by R. Verdi).
N. Poussin, Correspondance de Nicolas Poussin, ed. Ch. Jouanny, Paris, 1911, pp. 125, 153, 208, 214, 218, 225, 239, 244ff., 254, 256, 267, 440 and 443. [G.P. Bellori], Nota delli musei, librerie, galerie, et ornamenti di statue e pitture, ne' palazzi, nelle case, e ne' giardini di Roma, Rome, 1664, p. 46. R. de Cotte, Mémoire, 1689?, MS, Papiers de Cotte, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, MS Frs 9447, fol. 210-13, published in C.P. de Chennevières-Pointel, Recherches sur la vie et les ouvrages de quelques peintres provinciaux de l'ancienne France, Paris, 1847-62, III, p. 153 and Thuillier, op. cit. infra, 1960, p. 203. A. Félibien, Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des plus excellents peintres anciens et modernes, Paris, 1688, subsequently London, 1705 and Trévoux, 1725, IV, pp. 23, 164. N. Vleughels, 1729-1739, in A. de Montaiglon and J. Guiffrey, Correspondance des Directeurs de l'Académie de France à Rome avec les Surintendants des Bâtiments 1666-1793, Paris, 1887-1912, VIII, pp. 40, 45, 47ff., 51, 54, 58-9, 62, 66ff., 70, 87 and 110, IX, pp. 47 and 52. G.P. Bellori, Le vite de' pittori, scultori et architetti moderni.., Rome, 1672, pp. 416 and 418. O. Sirén, Nicodemus Tessin d. y:s Studiersor, 1673-88, printed Stockholm, 1914, p. 187. F. Titi, Studio di pittura, scoltura et archittetura nelle chiese di Roma, Rome, 1674, subsequently as Descrizione delle pittura, sculture ed architettura esposte al pubblico in Roma, Rome, 1763, p. 91. J. von Sandrart, Teutsche Academie der edlen Bau-, Bild- und Mahlerey-Künste, ed. A.R. Peltzer, Munich, 1925, p. 257. G.B. Passeri, Vite de' pittori, scultori ed architetti che anno lavorato in Roma, morti del 1641 fino al 1673, ed. J. Hess, Leipzig and Vienna, 1934, p. 327. J. Spon and G. Wheler, Voyage d'Italie, de Dalmatie, de Grèce, et du Levant, fait aux années 1675 et 1676, Amsterdam, 1679, I, p. 304. F. Baldinucci, Notizie dei professori del disegno da Cimabue in quà, Florence, 1681-1728, subsequently with the subtitle Edizione accresciuta di annotazioni da Domenico Maria Manni, Florence, 1767-73, XVI, p. 102. J. Mabillon and M. Germain, Museum Italicum sive collection veterum scriptorium ex bibliothecis Italices eruta, Paris, 1687-9, I, pt. 1, p. 142. P. Rossini, Il Mercurio errante delle grandezze di Roma, tanto antiche, che moderne, Rome, 1776, II, p. 230. L.H. Loménie, Comte de Brienne, Discours sur les ouvrages des plus excellents peintres anciens et nouveaux avec un traité de la peinture composé et imaginé par Mre L.H. de L. C. de B. Reclus, 1693-1695, MS, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, Anc. Saint-Germain 16986, published in Thuillier, op. cit. infra, 1960, p. 218. Ch. Perrault, Les Hommes illustres qui ont paru en France pendant ce siècle, Paris, 1696-1700, I, p. 89. Florent Le Comte, Cabinet des singularitez d'architecture, peinture, sculpture et graveure, Paris, 1609-1700, III, p. 5. [Sieur de Rogissart and Abbé Havard], Les Délices de l'Italie, Paris, 1707, II, p. 346. A.C.P., Comte de Caylus, Voyage d'Italie, ed. A.A. Pons, Paris, 1914, p. 297. J. Richardson Sr. and J. Richardson Jr., An account of the statues, bas-reliefs, drawings and pictures in Italy, France, etc., London, 1722, pp. 22, 185 and 188ff. J. Richardson Sr. and J. Richardson Jr., Traité de la peinture et de la sculpture, Amsterdam, 1728, p. 315. E. Wright, Some observations made in travelling through France, Italy, &c, in the years 1720, 1721, and 1722, London, 1730, I, p. 6. Abbé A. Antonini,Mémorial de Paris et ses environs, Paris, 1732, subsequently under the title Description de Paris: Où l'on rend compte des palais, des edifices publics, des bibliothèques, des manufactures, et des tableaux qui y méritent l'attention des étrangers, Paris, 1763, p. 154. The Hon. __ Sempill, Diaries, 1733, MS, Lord Sempill, Craigievar Castle, Aberdeen (cited by Blunt, op.cit.infra 1966, p. 74). Ch., Comte de Brosses, Lettres historiques et critiques sur l'Italie, Paris, 1799, II, p. 387. Ch., Comte de Brosses, Lettres familières sur l'Italie, Paris, 1739, ed. Y. Bézard, Paris, 1931, II, p. 456. A.J. Dézallier d'Argentville, Abrégé de la vie des plus fameux peintres, avec leurs portraits graves en taille-douce, les indications de leurs principaux ouvrages, quelques reflections sur leurs caractères, et la manière de connoître les desseins et les tableaux des grands maîtres, Paris, 1745, II, p. 250. J. Wiedewelt, letter to Joachim Wasserschelbe, 1756, Copenhagen, Royal Library (B. Sørensen, cited in Rosenburg, op. cit. infra, 1994, p. 242). A.J. Dézallier d'Argentville, Abrégé de la vie des plus fameux peintres, avec leurs portraits graves en taille-douce, les indications de leurs principaux ouvrages, quelques reflections sur leurs caractères, et la manière de connoître les desseins et les tableaux des grands maîtres, Paris, 1762, IV, p. 28. M.F.D. Bardon, Traité de peinture, Paris, 1765, II, p. 126. J.J. Le Français de Lalande, Voyage d'un François en Italie fait dans les années 1765-66, Venice and Paris, 1769, reprinted as Voyage en Italie, Paris, 1786, V, p. 290 and 291, note, VI, pp. 247ff. Abbé J. Richard, Description historique et critique de l'Italie, Dijon and Paris, 1766, IV, p. 98. D. Magnan, La Ville de Rome, Rome, 1778, IV, col. 24. A. Conte Chiusole, Itinerario delle pitture, sculture ed architetture pùi rare di Roma, Vicenza, 1782, p. 54. J. de La Roche, Voyage d'un amateur des arts en Flandre, dans les Pays-Bas, en Hollande, en France, en Savoye, en Italie, en Suisse, fait dans les années 1775-1776-1777-1778, Amsterdam, II, pp. 318ff. J. de Cambry, Essai sur la vie et sur les tableaux de Poussin, Paris, 1799, p. 47. N. Guibal, Eloge de Nicolas Poussin, Paris, 1783, p. 28. MS, c. 1785, Rome, Archivio Storico Capitolino, archivio Boccapaduli, mazzo suppl. IV, I, no. 14a (cited by Rosenberg, op.cit.infra 1994, p. 242). J. Byres, 'Letters', c. 1785, published in Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, 'The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Rutland, G.C.B., preserved at Belvoir Castle', 14th Annual Report, appendix 1, III, 1894. Sir J. Reynolds, Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds, coll. and ed. by F. Whiley Hilles, Cambridge, 1929, pp. 125ff., 139, 145, 160ff., 169 and 175. Newspaper reports on the arrival of the 'Sacraments' in the World, 23 February and 20 May 1787. Newspaper report on the arrival of the 'Sacraments' in the St. James's Chronicle, 8 May 1787. F.W.B. von Ramdohr, Ueber Malerei und Bildhauerei in Rom, Leipzig, II, pp. 220ff. M. Vasi, Itinerario istruttivo di Roma ossia descrizione generale delle opera più inisgni di pittura, scultura, e archittetura e di tutti I monumenti si antichi e moderni di quast' alma città, e parte delle sue adjacenze, Rome, 1791, I, p. 473. A. Manazzale, Rome et ses environs. Dernière edition augmentée et corrigée par l'antiquaire André Manazzale, Rome, 1802, II, p. 95. Canonico G.A. Lazzarini, Opere, Pesaro, 1806, I, p. 30. J.B.M. Gence, 'Poussin', Biographie Universelle ancienne et moderne ouvrage redigé par une société de gens de letters, XXXV, 1823, p. 583. G.F. Waagen, Kunstwerke und Künstler in England und Paris, Berlin, 1827-39, English edition Art Treasures in Great Britain, tr. by Lady Eastlake, London, 1854-7, III, p. 401. J. Smith, A catalogue raisonné of the works of the most eminent Dutch, Flemish and French painters, London, 1829-42, no. 140. I. Eller, The history of Belvoir Castle, London, 1841, pp. 132 and 290ff. J.V. Cousin, 'De divers tableaux du Poussin qui sont en Angleterre et particulièrement de L'Inspiration du Poète', Archives de l'Art français, 1853-5, p. 11. A. Tonnellé, Fragments sur l'art et la philosophie suivis de notes et pensées diverses recueillies dans les papiers de A. T., ed. G.A. Heinrich, Tours, 1859, pp. 158ff. A. Andresen, Nicolas Poussin. Verzeichnis der nach seinen Gemälden gefertigen gleichzeitigen und späteren Kupferstiche, Leipzig, 1863, pp. 246-52. P. Desjardins, Les Grands Artistes: Poussin, Paris, 1903, pp. 104-7. L. Hourticq, 'Un amateur de curiosités sous Louis XIV, Louis Henri de Loménie, Comte de Brienne', Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1905, I, pp. 57ff., 237ff. and 326ff. W. Friedlaender, Nicolas Poussin. Die Entwicklung seiner Kunst, Munich, 1914, pp. 59ff., 116 and 194ff. O. Grautoff, Nicolas Poussin: Sein Werk und sein Leben, Munich, 1914, I, pp. 169ff., II, no. 94. E. Magne, Nicolas Poussin, premier peintre du roi, 1594-1665, Brussels and Paris, 1914, no. 229, pp. 87, 92 n. 3, and 212. W.T. Whitley, Artists and their friends in England, 1700-1799, London, 1928, II, pp. 75ff. E.K. Waterhouse, in Exhibition of 17th Century Art in Europe, exhibition catalogue, London, 1938, pp. 128-9. T. Borenius, 'The French School at Burlington House', The Burlington Magazine, LXXII, 1938, p. 63. P. Brieger, 'French classic painting', The Art Bulletin, 1938, pp. 346ff., 356 and 358. A. Blunt, 'The heroic and the ideal landscape of Nicolas Poussin', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, VII, 1944, pp. 154 and 162. National Gallery of Art, Recent Additions to the Kress Collection, Washington, 1946, under no. 786. A. Blunt, 'Poussin Studies I: Self-Portraits', The Burlington Magazine, LXXXIX, 1947, p. 219. A. Félibien, Entretien sur la vie et les ouvrages de Nicolas Poussin, Geneva, 1947. H. von Löhneysen, 'Die ikonographischen und geistesgeschichtlichen Voraussetzungen der "Sieben Sakramente" des Nicolas Poussin', Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, IV, 2, 1952, pp. 133ff. A. Blunt, Art and Architecture in France, 1500-1700, London, 1953, pp. 187 and 191. W. Friedlaender and A. Blunt, The drawings of Nicolas Poussin. A Catalogue raisonné, London, I, [s. d.], under nos. 95-7, pp. 39 and 45, III, 1953, p. 25, V, 1974, under nos. 413-4, pp. 88-9. F.S. Licht, Die Entwicklung der Landschaft in den Werken von Nicolas Poussin, Basel and Stuttgart, 1954, p. 130. A. Blunt, Art and Architecture in France, 1500-1700, London, 1957, pp. 163 and 167. G. Wildenstein, 'Les graveurs de Poussin au XVIIe siècle', Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1958 (volume for 1955), II, under no. 95, pp. 73ff. Also published as a separate volume in 1958. A. Blunt and C. Sterling, eds., Exposition Nicolas Poussin, exhibition catalogue, Paris, 1960, under no. 73, p. 107. F. Haskell and S. Rinehart, 'The dal Pozzo collection, some new evidence', The Burlington Magazine, special issue, CII, 1960, pp. 319, 321 and 324. D. Mahon, 'Poussin au Carrefour des années trente', in A. Chastel, ed., Actes du Collogue International Nicolas Poussin (Paris 1958), I, 1960, p. 263. S. Rinehart, 'Poussin et la famille dal Pozzo', in Chastel, op. cit., I, 1960, pp. 24 and 28. J. Thuillier, 'Pour un "Corpus Pussinianum"', in Chastel, op. cit., II, 1960, pp. 203 and 218. E.K. Waterhouse, 'Poussin et l'Angleterre jusqu'en 1744', in Chastel, op. cit., Paris, 1960, II, pp. 290-1. M. Davies and A. Blunt, 'Some corrections and additions to M. Wildenstein's "Graveurs de Poussin au XVIIe siècle"', Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1962, II, p. 213, under no. 95. D. Mahon, in L'ideale classico del seicento in Italia e la pittura di paesaggio, exhibition catalogue, Bologna, 1962, under nos. 68-9 and 74. D. Mahon, 'Poussiniana. Afterthoughts arising from the exhibition', Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1962, pp. xiii, 107ff., 128 and 138. D. Mahon, Poussiniana. Afterthoughts arising from the exhibition [with an introduction, index and additional illustrations], Paris, New York and London, 1962. P. du Colombier, 'Notes sur Nicolas Poussin. II: Un texte négligé sur les Sacrements de Cassiano dal Pozzo, Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1964, I, pp. 89ff. A. Blunt, The Paintings of Nicolas Poussin: A critical catalogue, London, 1966, no. 110, pp. 73-4, 75, 77 and 254. M. Rambaud, Documents du Minutier Central concernant l'histoire de l'art (1700-1750), Paris, I, 1964, p. 514, II, 1971. W. Friedlaender, Nicolas Poussin, Paris, 1965, pp. 29 and 52. W. Friedlaender, Nicolas Poussin, London, 1966, pp. 56-7. A. Blunt, Nicolas Poussin. The A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, 158, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., New York and London, 1967, I, pp. 153-6, 159, 184, 186-7, 195, 203, 205, 248, 255, 270 and 333, II, pl. 34. Reprint, London, 1995. D. Wild, 'Charles Mellin ou Nicolas Poussin', Gazette des Beaux-Arts, LXIX, 1967, p. 29. A.S.G. Green, Nicolas Poussin and the seven Sacraments, unpublished thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1968. K. Badt, Die Kunst des Nicolas Poussin, Cologne, 1969, no. 205, pp. 101, 329, 343 and 593. J. Thuillier, Nicolas Poussin, Novara, 1969, pp. 38, 59-60 and 119-20, pl. 43c. A. Brejon de Lavergnée, 'Tableaux de Poussin et d'autres artistes français dans la collection Dal Pozzo: deux inventaires inédits', Revue de l'Art, XIX, 1973, pp. 82, 84 and 86. J. Thuillier, Tout l'oeuvre peint de Poussin, Paris, 1974, no. 111. G.P. Bellori, Le vite de' pittori, scultori et architetti moderni.., Rome, 1672, ed. E. Borea, Turin, 1976, pp. 431-3. C. Eisler, Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: European Schools excluding Italian, Oxford, 1977, under no. K1391, pp. 272-4. A. Blunt, 'Further Newly Identified Drawings by Poussin and his followers', Master Drawings, XVII, 2, 1979, p. 126. D. Wild, Nicolas Poussin, Zurich, 1980, pp. 43-44, 76, 87-9, 105. A. Blunt, 'Poussin and the British Collectors', The Connoisseur, CCVIII, 836, October 1981, p. 120. H. Macandrew and H. Brigstocke, eds., , Poussin: Sacraments and Bacchanals. Paintings and drawings on sacred and profane themes by Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, exhibition catalogue, Edinburgh, 1981, no. 31 and under nos. 32, 33 and 37, pp. 63-8, 71-8, 99-100 and 102, figs 37 and 49. H. Brigstocke, 'Nicolas Poussin and Cassiano dal Pozzo: A Study of the Seven Holy Sacraments', Apollo, CXIV, 238, December 1981, pp. 373-7. C. Pace, ed., Félibien's Life of Poussin, London, 1981, p. 155. H. Brigstocke, 'Poussin in Edinburgh', The Burlington Magazine, CXXIV, April 1982, pp. 239-40. O. Bätschmann, 'Diskurs des Architektur im Bild: Architekturdarstellung im Werk von Poussin', Architektur und Sprache. Gedenkschrift für Richard Zürcher, Munich, 1982, p. 31. O. Bätschmann, Dialektik der Malerei von Nicolas Poussin, Zurich and Munich, 1982. P. Rosenberg, 'Edinburgh: Poussin considered', The Burlington Magazine, CXXIV, June 1982, pp. 379-80. R. Verdi, 'Poussin and the "Tricks of Fortune"', The Burlington Magazine, CXXIV, November 1982, p. 680. U. Mildner-Flesch, Das Decorum. Herkunft, Wesen und Wirkung des Sujetstils am Beispil Nicolas Poussins, Saint Augustin, 1983, fig. 3. P. Santucci, Poussin: Tradizione ermetica e classicismo Gesuita, Salerno, 1985, pp. 36-43. T.J. Standring, 'A lost Poussin work on copper: "The Agony in the Garden"', The Burlington Magazine, CXXVII, September 1985, pp. 615-6. C. Wright, Poussin Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné, London, 1985 no. 109, pp. 61-2 and 67-74, fig. 52. M. Bevilacqua, 'Architettura come elemento di distinzione nobiliare nella Roma della prima metà del' 700: La costruzione del Palazzo dei Boccapaduli', Ricerche di Storia dell'Arte, XXXIII, 1987, pp. 91-101 and 103, and passim. T.J. Standring, 'Some pictures by Poussin in the Dal Pozzo collection: Three new inventories', The Burlington Magazine, CXXX, August 1988, pp. 615-6. J.J. Lévêque, La vie et l'oeuvre de Nicolas Poussin, Paris, 1988, pp. 79, 171 and 173, illustrated. J. Thuillier, Nicolas Poussin, Paris, 1988, p. 250. Yu. Zolotov, Poussin, Moscow, 1988, pp. 131-4 and passim. C. Wright, Poussin Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné, Landshut, 1989, no. 109. O. Bätschmann, Nicolas Poussin: Dialectics of Painting, London, 1990, pp. 75 and 125. A. Mérot, Nicolas Poussin, Paris, 1990, no. 102. A. Mérot, Nicolas Poussin, London, 1990, no. 102, p. 270, illustrated p. 98. D.L. Sparti, 'The dal Pozzo collection again: The inventories of 1685 and 1695 and the family archive', The Burlington Magazine, CXXXII, August 1990, pp. 551-70. D.L. Sparti, 'Criteri museografici nella collezione dal Pozzo alla luce di documentazione inedite', proceedings of the colloquium Cassiano dal Pozzo (Naples, 1987), Naples, 1990, pp. 226-7, fig. 7 (a reconstruction of the Stanza de' Sagramenti at the Palazzo dal Pozzo). D.L. Sparti, 'Intorno a un progetto museale seicentesco: La collezione dal Pozzo attraverso nuova documentazione', Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, XX, 4, 1990, pp. 902-7. M. Bruhn, Die beiden Fassungen der 'Sieben Sakramente' von Nikolas Poussin, unpublished thesis, Hamburg, 1992. D.L. Sparti, Le collezioni dal Pozzo. Storia di una famiglia e del suo museo nella Roma seicentesca, Modena, 1992, pp. 48-9, 104-5, 156-8, 175-7, 186-7 and 211-2, figs. 53-7 (a reconstruction of the Stanza de' Sagramenti at the Palazzo dal Pozzo). J. Thuillier, Nicolas Poussin, Paris, 1994, nos. 124-30. P. Rosenberg et al., Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, Paris, 1994, no. 67 and under nos. 18, 53, 58 and 127, pp. 18, 25, 33, 54, 59, 66, 100-1, 133, 159, 221, 232, 240-2, 247 and 312. P. Rosenberg and L.-A. Prat, Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665: Catalogue raisonné des dessins, Milan, 1994, I, under nos. 261-2, II, under nos. R 611, R 663 and R 808. M. Stanic, Poussin: Beauté de l'énigme, Paris, 1994, pp. 39-40, fig. 20. R. Beresford, A Dance to the Music of Time, London, 1995, pp. 13, 58 and 67. R. Verdi et al., Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665, London, 1995, no. 39 and under nos. 40, 41, 42 and 44, pp. 221-8, 231-2. E. Cropper and C. Dempsey, Nicolas Poussin: Friendship and the Love of Painting, Princeton, 1996, pp. 10, 15, 17, 112-4, 116, 121, 123, 134, 168, 186 and 208. P. Sénéchal, 'Fortunes de quelques antiques Farnèse auprès des peintres à Rome au début du XVIIe siècle', in O. Bonfait, ed., Poussin et Rome. Actes du colloque à l'Académie de France à Rome et à la Bibliotheca Hertziana, (Rome, 16-18 November 1994), Paris and Rome, 1996, pp. 71 and 97-9. K. Scott and G. Warwick, eds., Commemorating Poussin: Reception and Interpretation of the Artist, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 72, 134, 135 and 136-7. J. Bernstock, Poussin and French Dynastic Ideology, New York, 2000, p. 249. M. Bruhn, Nicolas Poussin: Bilder und Briefe, Berlin, 2000, pp. 133ff., 144ff. and passim, fig. 25. T. Green, Nicolas Poussin Paints the Seven Sacraments Twice, Watchet, 2000, pp. 160-6 and passim. J.O. Hand, ed., National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection, Washington, 2004, under no. 140, pp. 178-9. T.J. Clark, The Sight of Death: An Experiment in Art Writing, New Haven and London, 2006, p. 230. P. Rosenberg, K. Christiansen et al., Poussin y la Naturalezza, exhibition catalogue, Bilbao, 2007, pp. 25, 29, 65, 120, 166 and 204. P. Rosenberg and K. Christiansen, eds., Poussin and Nature: Arcadian Visions, exhibition catalogue, New York, 2008, pp. 24, 28, 65, 120, 166 and 204. P. Maguire Robison in P. Conisbee, ed., French Paintings of the Fifteenth through the Eighteenth Century, Washington, D.C., 2009, p. 373, under no. 83, pp. 379-80 and 383-8. A Note on Bibliography. The following account of Poussin's Ordination provides only the briefest summary of the fascinating history of the artist's series of Seven Sacraments, and merely brushes the surface of the vast literature that has accumulated around the artist and paintings in the last 350 years. It relies principally on Anthony Blunt's unsurpassed and adamantine study of the artist, published in 1967, which remains the foundation for all modern scholarship on Poussin. However, several other, more recent studies of the painter and the Sacraments have also been relied on in composing the present entry. Especially useful have been Pierre Rosenberg's magisterial catalogue that accompanied the definitive exhibition that he organized for the Grand Palais, Paris, in 1994 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Poussin's birth, and the catalogue raisonne of Poussin's drawings that Rosenberg published with his collaborator, Louis-Antoine Prat in the same year. The excellent English-language catalogue by Richard Verdi that accompanied the British venue of the 1994 exhibition is also readable and insightful, and Sir Denis Mahon's 1999 exhibition catalogue, Nicolas Poussin, Works from his First Years in Rome is full of new information and publishes several important rediscoveries from the artist's early career. In addition to the standard studies of Poussin's career, there are several important additions to the subject of the Sacraments specifically, and of their patron, Cassiano dal Pozzo. Especially useful is the 1981 exhibition catalogue Poussin Sacraments and Bacchanals, which includes a very sensitive analysis of both series of Sacraments by Hugh Brigstocke and John Dick's informative technical analyses of the paintings. Donatella L. Sparti and Timothy Standring have both contributed substantially to our understanding of Cassiano dal Pozzo, his inventories and the arrangement of Poussin's paintings in his collection. Elizabeth Cropper and Charles Dempsey include an ingenious chapter on the Sacraments, Cassiano's Museo Cartaceo and Barbarini-sponsored research into the early Christian church in their 1996 book, Nicolas Poussin: Friendship and the Love of Painting. Pauline Maguire Robison contributed a model entry on the Washington Baptism to the recent catalogue of French paintings in the National Gallery of Art (edited by Philip Conisbee), and it offers a thorough overview of Cassiano's full set of Sacraments. William T. Whitley offered a memorable account of the exhibition of the Sacraments in London in 1787 in Artists and their Friends in England, 1700-1799 (1928), and Reynolds's letters are indispensable to reconstructing the intrigues around the sale of the paintings to the Duke of Rutland; the 2000 edition of the Letters published by Yale has excellent notes by the editors, John Ingamells and John Edgcumbe. We are very grateful to His Grace the Duke of Rutland for sharing with us relevant material from the extensive archives of Belvoir Castle, and for the assistance of His Grace's Archivist, Peter Foden. Finally, there are several excellent notices in recent biographical dictionaries to which we referred: 'Cassiano dal Pozzo' by Henrietta McBurney, 'Carlo Antonio dal Pozzo' by Donatella L. Sparti, 'James Byres' by Gerard Vaughan, and 'Nicolas Poussin' by Hugh Brigstocke in the Grove Dictionary of Art, and 'Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland' by Roland Thorne in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
